Solubility Formula Calculator

Solubility Formula:

\[ S = \left( \frac{K_{sp}}{\text{Product Coefficients}} \right)^{\frac{1}{\text{Stoichiometric Sum}}} \]

Solubility (S):

Unit Converter ▲

Unit Converter ▼

From:	To:

1. What is the Solubility Formula?

The solubility formula calculates the solubility (S) of a compound in mol/L based on its solubility product constant (Ksp), product coefficients, and stoichiometric sum. It provides a quantitative measure of how much of a substance can dissolve in a solution.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the solubility formula:

\[ S = \left( \frac{K_{sp}}{\text{Product Coefficients}} \right)^{\frac{1}{\text{Stoichiometric Sum}}} \]

Where:

\( S \) — Solubility (mol/L)
\( K_{sp} \) — Solubility product constant (unitless)
Product Coefficients — Product of coefficients in dissolution reaction (unitless)
Stoichiometric Sum — Sum of stoichiometric coefficients (unitless)

Explanation: The formula calculates the maximum concentration of a compound that can dissolve in a solution before precipitation occurs, based on equilibrium constants.

3. Importance of Solubility Calculation

Details: Accurate solubility calculation is crucial for predicting precipitation reactions, designing chemical processes, pharmaceutical formulations, and environmental assessments of compound mobility.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter Ksp, product coefficients, and stoichiometric sum as positive numbers. All values must be greater than 0 for valid calculation.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is Ksp?
A: Ksp (solubility product constant) is the equilibrium constant for a solid substance dissolving in an aqueous solution. It represents the product of the concentrations of the ions in a saturated solution.

Q2: How do I determine product coefficients?
A: Product coefficients are determined from the balanced dissolution equation. For example, for CaF₂ → Ca²⁺ + 2F⁻, the product coefficients would be 1 × 2² = 4.

Q3: What is stoichiometric sum?
A: The sum of the stoichiometric coefficients in the dissolution reaction. For CaF₂ → Ca²⁺ + 2F⁻, the sum would be 1 + 2 = 3.

Q4: When is this formula applicable?
A: This formula applies to sparingly soluble salts where the dissolution follows ideal behavior and ion activity coefficients are approximately 1.

Q5: Are there limitations to this equation?
A: The formula assumes ideal behavior and may not be accurate for highly soluble compounds, systems with significant ion pairing, or in solutions with high ionic strength.